Ulcerative Colitis (Large Intestine Inflammation)
Description
An inflammatory disease of the colon (large intestine) characterized by ulceration and episodes of bloody diarrhea. The inflammation begins in the rectum and spreads upward. The ulcerated areas become inflamed and may form abscesses in the lining of the large intestine. The symptoms can be confused with an infection of the colon. The symptoms are recurrent. It is most commonly seen in women between the ages 15 and 40. There is an increased incidence of colon cancer associated with ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms
Diarrhea, bloody and mucus diarrhea, black stools (melena), abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, fever, weight loss, pain in the rectum with defecation, excess fat in stool (steatorrhea).
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests to establish the diagnosis include: colonoscopy with biopsy, and barium enema. Other tests may be done determined by the symptoms.
Treatment
The goal of therapy is to relieve symptoms, decrease attacks and allow the colon to heal. Treatment may include: hospitalization, steroids, 5-aminosalicylates such as mesalamine (Asacol), immunomodulators (azathioprine/Imuran, 6-mercaptopurine/6-MP), and infliximab (Remicade). Surgery is recommended to cure the disease and remove the risk of colon cancer.
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