Signs of Spleen injury (Splenic rupture)

Description

The spleen is located in the left upper abdomen under the ribs. This organ removes old red blood cells from the serum and holds red blood cells for emergency use by the body. The spleen is also important in fighting infection by removing bacteria covered by the body's antibodies. The spleen is the most commonly injured organ after blunt trauma such as a motor vehicle accident, falling, or after being hit in the abdomen. It can also be damaged from a gun shot wound or stabbing. The spleen filters about 10% of the blood supply every minute and injuries can cause a great deal of bleeding into the abdomen. Failure to get rapid treatment can result in death. Patient's without a spleen are more susceptible to infections later in life. Patients with mononucleosis should avoid physical activity since their spleen can enlarge with the infection and even minor trauma can cause a spleen injury.

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, pain in the upper abdomen. pain in the left upper abdomen, abdominal pain that increases with a deep breath, light headedness, fainting, sweating, nausea, vomiting, fast heart rate, weak pulse, abdominal distension.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be done. Blood tests and a CT scan will be done to determine the extent of the injury.

Standard Workup

Blood type
CBC
Chem 12
CT Scan
Lipase

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the spleen injury. Some injuries can be watched closely in the hospital to ensure no further bleeding occurs. Sometimes an interventional radiologist can block the artery feeding the spleen (embolization) preventing further bleeding. If the splenic bleeding will not stop or if the patient has already lost too much blood surgery is necessary to remove the spleen. Some patients may require a blood transfusion as well. All patients who have their spleen removed should be evaluated for vaccination against the pneumococcus, hemophhilus and meningococcus bacteria.