Signs of Seizure (Epilepsy)

Description

There are many different types of seizures. The most common is called tonic-clonic or grand mal. It consists of shaking of the arms and legs followed by a period of unconsciousness (post-ictal period). Patients can bite their tongue and lose control of their urine and stool. The disorder is believed to occur from an abnormal firing of brain cells (neurons). The abnormal firing can occur from previous injury, a congenital malformation, or from a metabolic or infectious problem. Other types of seizures include petit mal seizures, partial (focal) seizures, and febrile seizures.

Symptoms

Uncontrollable shaking of the arms and legs, loss of control of urine and stool, tongue biting, loss of consciousness, fainting, confusion.

Tests

A history and physical will be performed. The tests performed depend on the circumstances of the seizure, especially if this a new disease or pre-existing condition. For patients taking an anti-seizure medication a blood level may be measured. Not all seizure medications can be measured.

Standard Workup

Blood alcohol level
Chem 12
Urine tox screen
CT Scan
EEG
MRI
Lumbar puncture

Treatment

Treatment depends on the circumstances of the seizure. If the seizure does not stop on its own anti-seizure medications will be emergently given since a prolonged seizure can cause brain damage. A glucose should be immediately checked and corrected if low. If the patient's anti-seizure medication level is low he/she will be given more. If an infection is suspected antibiotics or anti-viral medications may be administered.