Schistosomiasis (Parasite Infection)
Description
A disease caused by parasitic worms. Although schistosomiasis is not found in the United States, 200 million people are infected worldwide, and after malaria, is the second most prevalent tropical disease in the world. This disorder is found throughout Africa, South America, Asia and the Caribbean. Infection occurs after direct contact with infected water. The immature worms enter the body by penetrating the skin and infecting the body. Also known as bilharzia
Symptoms
Symptoms vary with the type and severity of infection. Initial invasion: itching and a rash (swimmer's itch). Heavy infestation (a large number of parasites): fever, chills, lymph node enlargement, liver and spleen enlargement, painful urination (dysuria), and bloody urine (hematuria), abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody).
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. The infection is confirmed by identifying the schistosome eggs in the urine, the stool, or a biopsy specimen. An antibody test is also available. Other tests may be done to define the damage done by the infection.
- CBC
- Chem 12
- Lipase
- UA
- X-Ray
- EKG
- CT Scan
- MRI
- Ultrasound
Treatment
Treatment includes the anti-parasite medication, praziquantel. Steroids may be administered.
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