Signs of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Description

PMS begins 7 to 14 days prior to a menstrual period (mid-cycle), and consists primarily of gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins. Half of all women experience PMS at some time, and the peak occurrence is between ages 25 and 40. The disorder is treated by changing one's lifestyle and/or medications.

Symptoms

Symptoms occur during 14 days or more after the first day of the menstrual period and are absent for about 7 days after a menstrual period ends, and include: headache, swelling of ankles, feet, and hands, backache, abdominal cramps or heaviness, abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, feeling gaseous, muscle spasms, breast tenderness, weight gain, recurrent cold sores, acne flare-ups, nausea, bloating, constipation or diarrhea, decreased coordination, food cravings, less tolerance for noises and lights, painful menstruation.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. There are no definitive tests to establish the diagnosis. Sometimes a psychiatric evaluation is performed to rule out other potential causes for symptoms that may be attributed to PMS. A symptom calendar can help women identify the most troublesome symptoms and to confirm the diagnosis of PMS.

Treatment

Exercise and diet changes (avoiding simple sugars, caffeine, and alcohol) can help relieve symptoms. Nutritional supplements (Vitamin B6, calcium, and magnesium) may be recommended. Aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn), are prescribed for pain. Birth control pills may decrease PMS symptoms but are not effective in all patients. In severe cases, antidepressants and/or cognitive behavioral therapy may be recommended.