Polycythemia Rubra Vera (Increased Blood Cells)
Description
A rare chronic disorder involving an overproduction of blood cells in the bone marrow. All blood cells are increased but the number of red blood cells is most significant. The blood can become thick and form clots (thrombosis) in the arteries, causing organ damage such as stroke and kidney failure. The disorder can develop into leukemia. Death can occur from thrombosis, leukemia or bleeding.
Symptoms
Breathing difficulty when lying down, dizziness, fullness in the left upper abdomen, headache, itchiness, especially following a warm bath, red coloration, especially of the face, shortness of breath, symptoms of phlebitis.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests to establish the diagnosis include: bone marrow biopsy, blood volume, and vitamin B12 level.
- CBC
- Chem 12
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to reduce the thickness of the blood and to prevent bleeding and clotting. Phlebotomy (removal of blood) is used to decrease blood thickness. Occasionally, chemotherapy (hydroxyurea) may be given to suppress the bone marrow. Interferon and anegrelide may be given to lower the blood and platelet counts.
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