Signs of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Pcos)

Description

The condition stems from a disruption in the monthly reproductive cycle for women. Usually presents in young women demonstrating irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity. The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown. Instead of normal ovulation with the egg being released, the ovaries develop multiple cysts. Some of these women are infertile and many can develop insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms

Abnormal and irregular menstrual periods, absent periods, acne, decreased breast size, increased body hair, facial hair, a deepening of the voice, male-pattern baldness, and enlargement of the clitoris, diabetes, weight gain, obesity.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests to establish the diagnosis include: abdominal ultrasound, MRI, biopsy of the ovary, estrogen levels, fasting glucose levels, insulin levels, and multipe hormone levels.

Standard Workup

BHCG
Ultrasound

Treatment

Medications used to treat the symptoms include: birth control pills, clomiphene citrate, flutamide, and spironolactone. In women who also have insulin resistance, glucophage (Metformin), a medication that makes cells more sensitive to insulin, has been shown to improve ovulation. For women who are overweight, weight loss can reduce insulin resistance, stimulate ovulation, and improve fertility rates.