Signs of Pneumothorax (Collapse of lung)

Description

A collapse of the lung. The pleural cavity is the space between the chest wall and the lung. This space normally contains a small amount of fluid. Injury to the chest wall or the bronchi can allow air to enter this space causing a separation between the lung and chest wall. This air pressure can build with each breath, and can compress and collapse the lung. When severe, this build up of air can compress the blood vessels and decrease blood return to the heart. This is called a tension pneumothorax. If untreated the disorder can result in death. A pneumothorax can occur from trauma, spontaneously, or with coughing in a patient with lung disease such as emphysema.

Symptoms

Sudden sharp chest pain, chest pain made worse by a deep breath or a cough, shortness of breath, easy fatigue, rapid heart rate, cyanosis (bluish color of the skin).

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A chest X-ray can confirm the diagnosis. If the case is not clear or related to trauma a CT scan may be done.

Standard Workup

CBC
Chem 12
X-Ray
CT Scan

Treatment

Small pneumothoraces may go away on their own, high flow oxygen can speed up the process. The air must be removed with larger pneumothoraces. This can be done with a catheter, or with a chest tube. Both are left in for 1-2 days. Pain medications are administered. Occasionally surgery is needed to prevent recurrences. For additional information contact the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Health Information Center at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov or call (301)592-8573. American Lung Association: (800)586-4872 National Jewish Medical and Research Center: (800)222-5864