Signs of Pharyngitis (Throat infection)

Pharyngitis (Throat Infection)

Description

A throat infection. The pharynx is the part of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx, or vocal cords. Acute inflammation and infection of the pharynx can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Approximately 40%–60% of cases of pharyngitis are caused by a virus and about 15% are caused by the Streptococcus bacteria (strep throat). Other bacteria that can cause this infection include: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The infection is spread from person to person contact and smokers have a higher risk of infection. Frequent hand washing and covering one's mouth when coughing can decrease the spread of the infection. Although rare, the infection can become severe spreading into the neck and chest, and can cause airway obstruction.

Symptoms

Sore throat, fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Viral causes may be associated with runny nose and postnasal drip. Severe cases can cause: difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and stiff neck.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A rapid strep test, throat culture, and/or mono spot may be done to identify the organism. A rapid strep test can identify a streptococcal bacterial infection and a mono spot can diagnose infectious mononucleosis.

Standard Workup

Mono spot
Rapid strep Test
throat culture

Treatment

The treatment depends on the underlying cause. Viral infections are managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn), pain medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), and oral fluids. Antibiotics are needed if strep throat is diagnosed, and the entire course should be taken to prevent Rheumatic fever. Patients with mononucleosis must avoid contact sports to prevent a splenic rupture.