Osteopenia
Description
A decreased density of the bones. Osteopenia is similar to osteoporosis but the loss of bone density is not as severe. As a patient's bone loss increases they can move from the diagnosis of osteopenia to osteoporosis. Bone loss occurs as one becomes older, and women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Other conditions can cause osteopenia including: poor nutrition, smoking, being thin, having a family history of osteopenia, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, medications such as steroids, decreased physical activity, alcohol consumption, being of caucasian ancestry, and drinking cola drinks. Osteopenia puts patients at increased risk of broken bones.
Symptoms
Usually none unless there is an injury resulting in a fracture of the bone.
Tests
A history and physical will be done. A bone density mass (BMD) will be measured. The most accurate technique is a special x-ray called a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
Treatment
Therapy is aimed at decreasing the rate of bone loss and preventing the patient from acquiring osteoporosis. Treatment includes: increasing exercise, and better nutrition including increased vitamin D and calcium ingestion. The healthcare provider may prescribe medications used to treat osteoporosis.
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