Norovirus Infection (Norwalk Virus)
Description
A viral infection that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It usually requires 24-48 hours for symptoms to occur after being infected with the virus (incubation period). The virus can be very contagious spreading through entire dorms or cruise ships. It generally resolves on its own, but can be serious in the very young and very old, or in those with co-existing illnesses causing serious dehydration.
Symptoms
Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting. Symptoms begin 24-48 hours after exposure.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests that examine stool samples are used to identify the specific virus or rule out a bacterial cause. The body chemistry is measured to determine the severity of the dehydration.
- Chem 12
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to prevent dehydration. Oral and/or intravenous hydration is administered depending on the clinical presentation. Antinausea medications (odanestron/Zofran, promethazine/Phenergan) are given to stop the vomiting. Serious body chemistry (electrolyte) abnormalities are corrected.
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