Signs of Neisseria meningiditis infection (Meningococcus)

Neisseria Meningiditis Infection (Meningococcus)

Description

A bacteria that lives in the nose and throat of 5%-10% of the population but rarely causes serious disease. Serious infections occur when N. Meningitidis spreads through the body via the blood stream after penetrating the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. The infection can result in pneumonia and/or meningitis. Meningitis is an infection of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord and can be rapidly fatal if untreated. There is a vaccine that can prevent the disease. The CDC recommends all 11-12 year olds receive the vaccine and a booster after 16 years of age. If a patient receives their first vaccination after age 16 no booster is needed. Many colleges require proof of vaccination before attending school.

Symptoms

Depends on the infection. Pneumonia: cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever. Meningitis: headache, stiff neck, purple bumps on the skin, fever, confusion, coma, weak pulse.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A CT scan may be done to rule other diseases. A lumbar puncture is done to evaluate the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and establish the diagnosis.

Standard Workup

CBC
Chem 12
UA
CT Scan

Treatment

These can be rapidly progressive and life threatening infections and immediate treatment is required.Treatment includes: intravenous antibiotics, intravenous steroids, intravenous fluids and hospitalization. All people with close contacts of an infected person should be evaluated for antibiotics to prevent an infection (prophylactic antibiotics).