Signs of Necrotizing fasciitis (Soft tissue infection)

Necrotizing Fasciitis (Soft Tissue Infection)

Description

A rare and life threatening bacterial infection that involves the skin and the soft tissues beneath it. The infection destroys the fat and muscles and these tissues can die rapidly. The bacteria can spread along facial planes and be extensive before significant signs of infection develop making an early diagnosis difficult. Because of the extensive damage produced, the infection is sometimes referred to as a "flesh-eating" bacteria. The most common type of bacteria causing necrotizing fasciitis is Streptococcus pyogenes.

Symptoms

Severe pain in the affected area with minimal findings is an early symptom. Initially a small, reddish, painful spot on the skin. This quickly changes to a very painful red or purple-colored patch. The skin may ooze fluid and air may be palpated underneath the skin. Other symptoms include: general ill feeling, fever, sweating, chills, nausea, dizziness, profound weakness, weak pulse.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A biopsy of the involved tissue may be done to identify the disorder and isolate the bacteria causing the infection. A CT scan or MRI may be done to identify the extent of the disease. Blood cultures can also be used to identify the offending organism.

Standard Workup

CBC
Chem 12
UA
X-Ray
CT Scan
MRI

Treatment

Therapy must not be delayed to prevent permanent injury and death. Intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics must be given immediately. Surgery is required to open and drain infected areas and remove dead tissue. At times amputation is necessary. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be administered. Skin grafts may be needed after the infection goes away.