Multiple Myeloma
Description
A cancer of the bone marrow affecting mainly older adults. The bone marrow is contained within bone and produces the cells of the blood. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The are five different kinds of white blood cells. One type is called a plasma cell and these cells make antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma the body makes too many plasma cells and these cells can produce too many antibodies. This overgrowth of plasma cells can cause low red blood cells (anemia), low platelets (thrombocytopenia), and lower amounts of normal white blood cells. Not having enough platelets can cause patients to bleed easily, and low normal white blood cells results in increased infections. This disorder can also cause damage the kidneys, and produce brittle bones resulting in increased fractures.
Symptoms
Bones that break easily. Patients can also experience bone pain, low red blood cells (anemia), increased infections, easy bruising, easy bleeding, fatigue, and weight loss.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Lab and imaging tests are performed to determine the extent of the cancer. A bone marrow biopsy will be performed to confirm the diagnosis. A special blood test called a serum protein electrophoresis may be done to detect the high levels of antibodies in the blood. Other lab tests may include complete blood count, protein, calcium, and kidney function. Imaging studies may include a bone scan and Xray.
- Bone scan
- CBC
- Chem 12
- X-Ray
Treatment
Therapy depends on the extent of the disease. Some patients will be observed if they are not having any symptoms. Treatment may consist of blood transfusions, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, steroids, and a stem cell transplant. For more information contact: American Cancer Society: (800) 227-2345.
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