Signs of Migraine

Description

There are three different types: 1) Classic migraines which are associated with an aura; 2) Common migraines with no aura; and 3) Complicated migraines associated with neurologic symptoms such as weakness or visual problems. The headache is usually intense and incapacitating and is frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting and an intolerance to light (photphobia). Also known as vascular headaches and may be related to dilation of blood vessels of the head although the exact cause of these headaches is not know. Migraines usually first occur during the teenage years and are more common in women. Patients who have family members with migraines are at increased risk to develop these headaches.

Symptoms

Severe headache (throbbing, pounding, pulsating), nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light or sound, loss of appetite, fatigue, numbness, tingling, weakness. An aura may precede the headache consisting of seeing stars or zigzag lines, tunnel vision, or a temporary blind spot.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests to rule out other causes of the headaches may be done.

Standard Workup

CT Scan
MRI

Treatment

Therapy depends on the severity of the headaches. Several different types of medications may be used including: ergots like dihydroergotamine, ergots with caffeine (cafergot); and/or triptans like sumatriptan (Imitrex), rizatriptan (Maxalt), almotriptan (Axert), frovatriptan (Frova), and zolmitriptan (Zomig). They can be taken orally, nasally or as a self injection. Medications such as antidepressants, blood pressure medications, and anti seizure drugs may be used to prevent the migraines. For more information contact the American Headache Society: (800)255-2243.