Methemoglobinemia
Description
Abnormal hemoglobin in the blood that is either inherited or caused by exposure to a medication or drug. Hemoglobin carries the oxygen in the blood and is found within the red blood cells. Methemoglobin is not able to carry oxygen normally and causes a bluish discoloration to the skin. The most common drugs to cause the disorder are: benzocaine, lidocaine, dapsone, chloroquine, nitrates, and nitrites. Nitrates are sometimes inhaled and used as a drug of abuse called "poppers". The disease can be very serious leading to very low blood pressure, seizures and death.
Symptoms
Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis), breathing problems, fatigue. The inherited type can cause stunted growth, mental retardation, seizures, and failure to thrive.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be done. Blood tests are done to confirm the disorder.
Treatment
Patients will be given oxygen. Methylene blue is given intravenously to reverse the methemoglobin. Other treatment options include hyperbaric oxygen and exchange transfusions.
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