Leptospirosis

Description

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is caused by bacteria Leptospira. In humans it causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. If the disease is not treated, the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver failure, and respiratory distress. In rare cases death occurs.

Symptoms

Once exposed to the bacteria most patients will not have symptoms for 10 days. Symptoms include: abrupt onset of fever, intense shivering and shaking (rigors), muscle aches (myalgias), headache, dry cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, joint aches, sore throat, abdominal pain.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Tests will be performed to identify the damage done by the bacteria. Antibodies to the bacteria are identified in the blood to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

Therapy depends on the severity of the infection. Any of the following antibiotics may be used: penicillin's, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. In more severe cases supportive care will be given such as intravenous fluids, artificial respiration, and hospital admission.

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