Intestinal Ischemia (Low Blood Flow)
Description
Results from decreased blood supply to the intestines. The arteries typically become blocked with atherosclerosis, but can also be obstructed from a blood clot that travels to the artery from another location (an embolus). Intestinal ischemia can also occur form low blood pressure, from a twisting of the bowel (volvulus), or from an internal hernia. If the ischemia continues, the intestines can die (infarction) and result in peritonitis and death.
Symptoms
Abdominal pain, the abdominal pain is more intense than the tenderness, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, low blood pressure, abdominal distension.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Laboratory tests may show a high white blood cell count (a marker of infection) and increased acid in the bloodstream. Other tests done to establish the diagnosis inlcude abdominal CT scan or an angiogram.
- CBC
- Chem 12
- Lipase
- UA
- X-Ray
- CT Scan
Treatment
Treatment usually requires surgery, and involves removal of the damaged portion of the intestine. Many times an ostomy is required. The cause of the ischemia must also be reversed to prevent recurrence whether it be from a blocked artery, an embolus, volvulus, low blood pressure, or internal hernia.
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