Signs of Infectious mononucleosis (Ebstein Barr virus)

Infectious Mononucleosis (Ebstein Barr Virus)

Description

An infectious viral disease caused by the Ebstein Barr virus. This disease is most common in adolescents and young adults and is characterized by fever, sore throat and fatigue. Also known as "Mono". Some patients will also have an enlargement of their spleen. This splenic enlargement puts them at risk of life threatening splenic rupture with even minimal abdominal trauma. Once patients get this infection they generally carry life long immunity.

Symptoms

Fever, sore throat, white discoloration of the tonsils (exudate), swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck and armpit, general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling, drowsiness, loss of appetite, muscle aches or stiffness, swollen spleen, rash, upper abdominal discomfort.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A CBC to detect abnormal white blood cells (atypical lymphocytes) is commonly performed. A positive mono spot detecting the Ebstein Barr virus is the most common method of diagnosis.

Standard Workup

Treatment

Most patients recover within 2-4 weeks without medication. Acetaminophen (Tylenol), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn) and drinking plenty of fluids are the mainstay of treatment. There is no specific anti-viral treatment available. Steroid medication may be considered for patients with severe symptoms. Patients are asked to avoid contact sports to prevent the spleen from rupturing.