Signs of Fifth disease (Erythema infectiosum)

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

Description

A viral illness that leads to a rash on the cheeks, arms, and legs. The disorder is also called erythema infectiosum and produces a characteristic "slapped cheek" rash. It is most often seen in children 5-14 years of age and is spread by sneezing and coughing of the virus through the air. The name of the virus that causes the disease is human parvovirus B19.

Symptoms

The first symptoms are fever, nasal congestion, fatigue, muscle aches (myalgias) and headache. The rash appears 7 days later and first appears on the cheeks ("slapped cheeks") then spreads to the arms and legs 1 day later. The rash can have a "lacy" appearance. Other symptoms include fever, joint pain, and a temporary anemia (low red blood cell count).

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. The diagnosis is made clinically by identifying the characteristic rash. A blood test that identifies the antibodies for parvovirus B19 can be done but is only rarely necessary.

Treatment

No specific treatment is usually required. Patients are encouraged to drink plenty of fluids. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is given to help relieve the fever and joint pain.