Fat Embolism

Description

Pieces of fat from the bone marrow enter the blood vessels of the body that carry blood back to the heart (veins). These fat particles travel through the heart and lodge in the lungs causing the symptoms experienced. This disorder can occur during surgery or after a traumatic injury. A common scenario is fatty bone marrow entering the veins after a fracture to a large bone, such as the femur or pelvis, or after surgery on these bones. Fat emboli are usually widespread and cause symptoms 1-3 days after the injury or event. This disease is serious with 10%-20% of patients not surviving the event.

Symptoms

Shortness of breath, agitation, neurologic abnormalities, fever, rash.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Other tests to establish the diagnosis will be done.

Treatment

Therapy depends on the extent of the disease. Treatment includes: possible anticoagulation, stabilization of fractures, inferior vena cava filter, oxygen, supportive care, and ICU hospitalization.

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