Epstein Barr Virus

Description

Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis. It affects the mouth and throat, the lungs, liver, and lymphatic system. It occurs most commonly between the ages of 10 and 35, and the symptoms can mimic streptococcal tonsillitis. Most people can only get the infection once.

Symptoms

Fever, sore throat, white discoloration of the tonsils (exudate), swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck and armpit, general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling, drowsiness, loss of appetite, muscle aches or stiffness, swollen spleen, rash.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A CBC to detect abnormal white blood cells (atypical lymphocytes) is commonly performed. A positive mono spot detecting the Ebstein Barr virus is the most common method of diagnosis.

Treatment

Most patients recover within 2-4 weeks without medication. Acetaminophen (Tylenol), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn) and drinking plenty of fluids are the mainstay of treatment. There is no specific anti-viral treatment available. Steroid medication may be considered for patients with severe symptoms. Patients are asked to avoid contact sports to prevent the spleen from rupturing.

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