Epiglottitis (Severe Throat Infection)
Description
The epiglottis is a small flap of tissue that hangs down from the back of the throat. It helps protect the airway during swallowing by preventing food or liquid from entering the trachea. The epiglottis can become infected (epiglottitis) causing swelling. The swelling can block the airway and result in death. Airway blockage is more common in children. The bacteria Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of this infection. Since childhood vaccination for Haemophilus influenzae the number of cases of epiglottitis has decreased.
Symptoms
Throat pain, pain with swallowing, strider (noisy breathing), difficulty swallowing, fever, drooling, stiff neck.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. An X-ray or CT scan can sometimes identify the swollen epiglottis. Direct visualization with a fiber optic scope (laryngoscopy) is the most accurate way of confirming the diagnosis.
- CBC
- Chem 12
- X-Ray
- CT Scan
Treatment
Intravenous antibiotics are given. If the airway is compromised an oral breathing tube may need to be placed. If an oral airway cannot be inserted into the trachea a surgical airway (cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy) may need to be performed.
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