Epidural Hematoma (Bleeding Outside Of Brain)
Description
A blood clot which forms between the skull and the outermost linings of the brain called the dura. The bleeding often comes from a injured artery after a skull fracture. The bleeding can occur rapidly leading to brain injury and death. Occasionally patients experience a lucid period where their initial symptoms improve before they become rapidly ill and unconscious.
Symptoms
Headache, vomiting, confusion, seizure, coma, weakness, death. Occasionally a lucid period occurs where the patient's symptoms improve before rapid deterioration occurs.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. A head CT scan demonstrates the epidural blood. Blood tests to test blood clotting are done.
- CBC
- Chem 12
- CT Scan
Treatment
Drainage of the blood is necessary and requires surgery. Medications to prevent seizures are given, and any blood clotting abnormalities are reversed. If the brain swelling is severe medications to reduce the swelling (mannitol) may be administered.
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