Environmental Exposure (Cold, Hypothermia)
Description
Exposure to cold can cause a dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia). The very old, very young, those with chronic illnesses, and the intoxicated are most susceptible. Becoming wet during the process increases the rate of body temperature drop. Death can result from cardiovascular collapse.
Symptoms
Shivering, confusion, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, weakness.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. Blood tests will be done to determine damage from the hypothermia. An EKG may be performed to look for cardiac abnormalities resulting from hypothermia.
- CBC
- Chem 12
- UA
- X-Ray
- EKG
Treatment
Removing the wet clothes is essential. The method of warming depends on how low the temperature is and what symptoms are being displayed. Treatment may include: passive warming with external warming devices, or active warming by warming the Intravenous fluids, oxygen or blood directly.
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