Endocarditis (Heart Valve Infection)

Description

Infection of the linings inside the heart chambers. The inside of the heart chambers and valves are lined by endocardium. Infection of this lining is called endocarditis. The valves of the heart are most commonly infected, and structurally abnormal heart valves are more likely to become infected. Bacteria are the most common organisms but fungi can also be involved. The organisms grow in the blood and lodge themselves in the heart and begin to grow causing problems with the functioning of the heart. Patients with abnormal heart valves can acquire endocarditis after dental or other medical procedures. Antibiotics before and during the procedures can prevent the infection. Intravenous drug use also increases the risk of endocarditis. Left untreated the disorder can cause strokes, damage to other organs, heart failure and death.

Symptoms

Fever, chills, heart murmur, fatigue, breathing problems, vomiting, night sweats, cough, feet swelling, abdominal swelling, weight loss, blood in urine, tender red spots in the fingers or nails (Osler's nodes).

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. A heart murmur can sometimes be heard during the examination. An echocardiogram can detect the defect on the heart valves. Blood cultures are used to detect the infecting organism.

Treatment

Treatment is an emergency to prevent permanent injury. Therapy consists of intravenous antibiotics or anti-fungal medications to kill the offending organisms.Treatment usually lasts 2-6 weeks. For more information contact the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Health Information Center at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov

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