Encephalitis (Brain Infection)
Description
An inflammation of the brain usually from a viral infection. Viral encephalitis may be caused by herpes, west Nile virus, measles, chickenpox, rubella, and equine viruses. Rarely it can result from a reaction after a vaccination.
Symptoms
Headache, confusion, fever, vomiting, seizures, weakness, difficulty walking.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be performed. After a brain CT scan or brain MRI a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) will be done to analyze the fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is tested for viral antigens, viral antibodies and/or culture.
Treatment
Supportive care is given. If herpes is suspected acyclovir (an antiviral medication) is administered. Early in the disease antibiotics may be given until a bacterial infection is ruled out.
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