Signs of Diabetic ketoacidosis (Severe blood sugar elevation)

Description

Occurs when there is not enough circulating insulin. This lack of insulin causes elevated glucos levels in the blood and forces the body to breakdown body fats for energy causing a buildup of ketones. The increased ketones turn the blood acidotic and when severe can result in coma and death. This disorder is also called DKA.and is most often associated with diabetes type 1. The most common causes of DKA are not taking the correct amounts of insulin and a secondary stress to the body such as infections, surgery and trauma.

Symptoms

Fatigue, frequent urination, increased thirst, fruity breath (breath odor), confusion, coma, muscle stiffness or aching, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, shortness of breath.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Blood tests, urine tests and X-rays are done to determine why the glucose is elevated since an infection can cause dramatic increase in glucose. The severity of the diabetic ketoacidosis is evaluated by measuring the acid base and electrolyte status of the blood.

Standard Workup

CBC
Chem 12
UA

Treatment

Intravenous fluids and insulin are the mainstays of therapy. Correction of metabolic abnormalities such as low sodium or potassium is necessary as well. Treatment of the cause of the DKA must also be reversed.