Signs of Dementia (Confusion)

Description

A loss of normal brain function, such as memory, abstract thinking and analysis. It can occur from many different types of diseases. The two main causes are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The disease is progressive. Certain medications and alcohol can worsen the symptoms.

Symptoms

Confusion, loss of memory, delusions, hallucinations, gait problems, speech problems, insomnia, irritability, depression.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed, Imaging studies (CT scan or MRI) will be done to rule out structural defects that could be causing the disorder. Blood test will be done that could identify a reversible cause of the symptoms.

Standard Workup

CBC
Chem 12
CT Scan
MRI

Treatment

All medications that could be worsening the symptoms should be stopped. Other medical treatment depends on the severity of the disease and may include: serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone), dopamine blockers (haloperidol, risperdal, olanzapine, clozapine), cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil /Aricept), rivastigmine/Exelon), mood stabilizers (fluoxetine, imipramine, citalopram) and/or stimulants such as methylphenidate to increase activity and spontaneity. Some patients may require long term 24 hour care as the disease progresses.