Cholera (Intestinal Bacterial Infection)

Description

Bacterial infection caused by Vibrio chloerae within the small intestine producing watery diarrhea. It usually occurs in epidemics. Most commonly the disease is associated with poor sanitation. The illness begins suddenly with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The symptoms can be severe leading to dehydration and death.

Symptoms

Sudden onset of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, vomiting, lethargy, excessive thirst, low urine output.

Tests

A history and physical exam will be performed. Many times the disease is made clinically without specific testing. The bacteria can be identified in the stool or blood. Blood tests to identify the extent of the dehydration are frequently done.

Treatment

Depending on the symptoms rehydration will be given orally or intravenously. Antibiotics may shorten the course of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed an oral rehydration solution consisting of sugar and electrolytes saving numerous lives internationally.

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