Chilblains (Pernio)
Description
Chilblains, also known as pernio, occurs when hands, feet, ears or nose are suddenly rewarmed. The symptoms of itching, red patches, swelling and blistering, occur from inflammation of the small blood vessels secondary to the rapid temperature change. The disorder does not cause permanent damage unless an associated infection occurs. Chilblains can re-occur with repeated exposure to the cold.
Symptoms
Usually affects the fingers, toes, ears and nose. Small itchy red areas on the skin, blistering, burning sensation, swelling, changes in skin color from red to dark blue, pain. In severe case ulcers can occur.
Tests
A history and physical exam will be done. Tests to determine the extent of the damage may be performed.
Treatment
Any damage to the skin should be be kept clean and dry and covered with a sterile dressing. Specific treatment includes steroid creams such as hydrocortisone 1%, and medications to prevent recurrence such as nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia). Any associated infections will be treated with antibiotics.
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