Aplastic Anemia (Failed Bone Marrow)

Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce red and white blood cells. Although the process is usually slow, there are instances where it may occur in a very short period of time. The inadequate number of white cells leaves the body prone to infection. Inadequate red cells limit the transportation of oxygen to cells and insufficient numbers of platelets may produce uncontrollable bleeding.

Symptoms

Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath with exercise, rapid heart rate, easy bruising, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, prolonged bleeding, frequent or severe infections.

Tests

A history and physical will be performed. Blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy will be done to determine the cause and severity of the disease.

Treatment

Mild cases of aplastic anemia are treated with observation and supportive care. Blood transfusions and platelet transfusions help correct the abnormal blood counts and relieve some symptoms. Severe aplastic anemia is a life-threatening condition, and bone marrow transplant may be indicated.